(2003): Risk factors for antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter spp. Regula, G., Ledergerber, U., Stephan, R., Schuppers, M.E., Bissig, B., Danuser, J., Stärk, K.D.C. (2003): Optimization of an antimicrobial resistance monitoring program, using Campylobacter spp. Regula, G., Lo Fo Wong, D.M.A., Stephan, R., Bissig, B., Danuser, J., Ledergerber, U., Stärk, K.D.C. Symposium on Epidemiology and Control of foodborne pathogens in pork, 1.-4. (2003): Zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in "animal-friendly" pig production systems in Switzerland. BMC Public Health 3:39, Ledergerber, R., Regula, G., Danuser, J., Bissig, B., Stephan, R., Stärk, K.D.C. Ledergerber U., Regula G., Stephan R., Danuser J., Bissig B., Stärk K.D.C (2003): Risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in poultry meat. The results of the project will further be used to conduct an exposure assessment for consumers in Switzerland with respect to resistant Campylobacter strains from meat. For the implementation, close collaboration is envisaged with veterinary and public health authorities. The results from the project will form the basis for the development of a resistance monitoring programme in food animals in Switzerland. This model will then be expanded to accommodate other agents than Campylobacter. Each sampling point is described by a set of characteristics, including likelihood of resistance detection and cost. The results of all grid points are used for the development of a model that can be used for selecting optimal sampling points. The samples originate from existing monitoring programmes, from special sam-pling campaigns or from other ongoing research projects. The types of samples collected are: Faecal samples (collected at slaughter or on farm) carcass samples collected at slaughter meat samples col-lected at retail level. The grid consists of three sampling points each for poultry, cattle and pigs, and one point for imported meat, so that in total, twelve grid points are defined. The latter is investigated by defining a grid of sampling points. The methodological as-pects to be investigated are the distribution of resistance variability between bacteriological colonies, animals and farms as well as the correlation between resistance levels of various sampling points along the stable-to-table chain. These bacteria were selected due to their relatively simple epidemiology along the pro-duction chain avoiding complex dynamics in the early phase of the project. coli and their respective resistance patterns will be used. As a model agent, Campylobacter jejuni and C. Optimal sampling designs will be developed based on statistical, microbiological and economical analyses. The objective of this project is the development of the scientific, conceptual and practical basis for the implementation of routine antibiotic resistance monitoring in food producing animals in Switzerland.
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